BikeOff Parking Guidelines Consultation

Appendix A

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 09:14:33 +0000

The best of breed standard was produced alongside a problem-oriented policing guide by the same authors for the prevention of bicycle theft on behalf of the U.S. Department of Justice. As part of that guide a systematic review of bike theft-related literature and police reports was conducted. These documents were also used for the purpose of the best of breed standard, as an additional data capture tool. For a full list of such references see:

Johnson, S., Sidebottom, A. and Thorpe, A. (2008). Bicycle theft. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Series. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

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References

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 09:13:59 +0000

Below are the references used in the best of breed bicycle parking guidelines:

Glossary of terminology

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 09:13:10 +0000

Common terms relating to bicycle parking are defined below.

Aisles - Space between racks.
Attack resistance - Indicated by means of the time required for unauthorized opening of a fastening system and/or (integrated) lock of the BPS in order to remove the bicycle.
Bicycle locker - (Almost) completely separate, lockable bicycle shed meant exclusively for parking one or several bicycles.
Bicycle shed - Building designated to park bicycles.
Bicycle stand/rack - Bicycle parking furniture meant for more than two bicycles.
Bolt system - Element on the bicycle parking furniture that can be attached around or through the bicycle and when bolted, blocks and prevents the bicycle from being removed from the furniture.
Flyparking - A bicycle parked to street furniture (lampposts) or other features (e.g. trees) not intended for that purpose.
Rack - One or multiple 'Rack Elements' joined on any common base or arranged in a regular array and fastened to a common mounting surface.
Rack Area - The rack area is a bicycle parking lot where racks are separated by aisles.
Sheffield stand - Common type of cycle parking stand; an inverted ‘U’ shape.
Shelter - Roof over furniture to protect bicycles against precipitation.

Suppliers & Further Advice cited for further info

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 09:11:59 +0000

This section provides details of suppliers that were mentioned in the documentation that generated the best of breed standards. Please tell us if you think that this information is useful, make any appropriate additions, and let us know how would you prefer to see it presented if you were to use it.

Advice and Representative Associations + Organisations

UK

Public Bicycle Schemes, Service Providers & Information Sources

UK

Equipment Suppliers

UK

USA

American Bicycle Security
BikeLid (was Starlite-Media) (lockable cycle cover parking)
Bike Lokr (cycle stands and metal products) Tel: 800-245-3565
Bike Guard
Bike Security Racks
Bike Shell (cycle lockers)
Bike Stable Co. (lockers) no website. Tel: (219) 233-7060
Bike Up
Brandir International
Colombia Cascade (cycle loops and locker)
CORA
Creative Pipe (cycle stands)
Cycle Safe (cycle stands and lockers)
Dero (cycle racks and stands)
Dobra Design (interior and exterior bike racks)
Environmental Features. Tel: (810) 478-2775
Function First Bike Security
Hannan Specialities (cycle lockers and stands)
Huntco Supply, Inc.
Madrax (cycle racks and locker)
Miracle (cycle racks)
Palmer Group
Pilot Rock (cycle stands)
Saris Parking Solutions
Sunshine U Lock

Germany

Josta

Descriptions of Existing Types of Furniture

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 09:10:46 +0000

‘A’ stands are widely used in the USA and have advantages over the Sheffield stand in terms of footprint, ease of use and tidiness, but because they reduce sightlines they may be less appropriate for use at junctions. A rounded ‘A’ design is particularly recommended for smaller bicycles.^[1]
Butterfly shaped stands are similar in design to Sheffield stands but with ‘feet’ closer together. This type has the benefit of a smaller ‘footprint’ when empty, although cycles parked at them may be less stable when knocked.^[2]
Some older designs of cycle parking rely on a feature that grips the front wheel with a slot, i.e. concrete slabs . Such designs do not provide an attachment point for a padlock however and can result in a buckled front wheel, and should therefore be replaced with, for e.g. Sheffield stands.^[3]
Purpose built cycle racking may be used in supervised cycle storage areas such as indoor station cycle parks, where a high density of parking per m 2 is required. Well-designed storage of this type is significantly more expensive than Sheffield stands, but has a useful role where space is at a premium.^[4]
In some areas cycle stands have been provided that incorporate a lock, from which the key can be withdrawn once a coin has been inserted. These locks are rarely used, as the keys soon disappear, and in any event cyclists normally carry their own padlocks. The provision of such stands is not recommended.^[5]
The U-stand, or 'Sheffield' stand (an upturned U), has become almost universally specified by groups lobbying for cycle parking. It has the virtues of simplicity, longevity (20yrs); value for money (£100 – 200 including fitting), prevents bikes falling over, and its generic nature allows for great variation. The Sheffield Stand is a very basic form of parking which is ideal for short term parking for all types of cycle, though it is not always the best option for long term and high density parking.^[6]
The U-stand design can be improved by the addition of a lower crossbar, which makes it more suitable for ‘step through’ frame cycles and children’s cycles, and reduces the tendency for the front wheel to turn. There are successful examples of 600mm wide versions, which include a crossbar. For locations/attractions with a significant proportion of children, stands with a lower or slanting crossbar should also be considered.^[7]
U-stands also allow use with all types of locks.^[8]

References

Costs of Parking Provision and Installation

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 09:09:04 +0000

For the purpose of comparison, the cost to provide one car parking space (room for 6-12 bikes) is between £1,200 - £2,500 to install and approximately £250 per annum to maintain. This excludes the cost to an employer for the purchase of car-parking permits for the same number of people. Garage space for one car costs £6,000 upwards.^[1]
A typical Sheffield/ U-stand costs between £50 - £150 to purchase and install, depending on specification, quantity and material finish. This does not include reinstatement costs or traffic and pedestrian management costs.^[2]
Comparative U-stand purchase costs (50mm tube, ex-vat): galvanised £29.60; polyester powder coated galvanised £33.00; stainless £92.00.^[3]
Stands designed to be closed by U-locks (eg ‘Klamp’ stands) can cost up to four times as much as Sheffield-type stands to install and maintain.^[4]
Long-term off-street parking is estimated at an average of £300 per cycle, including the space it occupies.^[5]
Dedicated rooms with less-expensive bicycle racks within buildings can work out a cost-effective use of existing space. Clearing redundant areas can make for useful storage opportunities at little or no extra cost.^[6]
Supervised parking can allow for installation of less-expensive racks.^[7]
Hanging cycle racks and hooks, for internal use can cost from £10 - £180 per cycle. ^[8]
Cycle lockers, installed, can cost between £300 - £1860 per cycle.^[9]
Cycle lockers and their ongoing costs tend to be expensive (per cycle) so other secure parking options for the spend should also be considered. The following should be considered in the costing of a locker installation:^[10]
1. The cost of site preparation (leveling etc), and adjustment of units on sloping sites.
2. Delivery and installation costs, including future expansion or relocation of units.
3. Ventilation and hygiene - ease of cleaning and airing the space (wet bikes).
4. Durability of finish and ease of graffiti/ bill-posting removal.
5. Opportunities for advertising revenue - especially with vertical lockers.
6. Spares and service parts (especially lock or key replacement/management costs).
7. Ease of use - if the locker takes too long to use, it offers little advantage over open stands.
Two Tier racks can cost £200 - £250 per space including design and installation, but vary with number.^[11]
A shelter for 20 bikes can cost between £3,000 (£150/cycle) and £10,000 (£500/cycle).^[12]
Compounds, Cages, Self Contained Units: Vary with solution. A basic shelter with ‘cage’ type front gates can cost £2,150 upwards.^[13]
Artists and steel fabricators can produce customised designs to a fixed budget tailored to a particular location.^[14]
The cost of cycle parking should take into account the installation and any works that may be required, such as foundations, drainage and any ancillary works.^[15]
The overall cost should also take into account the anticipated lifespan of the installation.^[16]

More specific examples:

For commercial districts, main streets, employment centres, industrial developments and higher education institutions, the City of Portland (USA) forecasts (2007) to spend £2.5million ($4.8million) over 20 years, between public (89%) and private (11%) sectors, on implementation of 10,700 cycle parking spaces. This equates to £234 per cycle parking space, or £11.70 per space per year.^[17]
For multi-family dwellings (98% private, 2% public provision) the City of Portland (USA) anticipates to install (a) 11,325 long-term cycle spaces at £316 each. Over a 20 year period that is £15.80/ cycle per year; and (b) 5,420 short-term spaces at £31.6 per cycle space, so £1.58 per space per year (20 years).^[18]
The capital cost of the Milton Keynes (UK) self-contained Cycle Centre, which parks 32 bikes, was £130,000, for an estimated 15-20 year lifespan. This equates to £4,063 per cycle, inclusive of all services offered by the centre; this is £203 per cycle per year over 20 years.^[19]
At GlaxoSmithKline headquarters in Brentford (UK), a decision was made to support those willing to give up their cars and cycle to work, at a cost to GSK of £400 per cyclist per annum, compared to providing car parking at £2,000 per space per year. As a result, the number of staff cycling to work increased from 50 to 350 (i.e. 2% to 12% of the 3,000).^[20]

Funding for cycle Parking:

In the UK money can be made available for cycle parking from the Local Transport Plan and from district councils.^[21]
An alternative source of funding is from the contributions of developers (private sector).^[22]
Although monies may be available, there can be problems getting agreements to site the stands/facilities where they are required. If so one should contact the appropriate local Cycling/ Walking Officer for assistance.^[23]
Custom-made parking stands (based on these guidelines) may be considered to augment an urban design theme or reflect the character of a place or organisation, in which case the cost could be funded through sponsorship by local commercial bodies or included in the cost of a larger highways/ development scheme.^[24]
Self-contained units providing cycle parking can sometimes be treated as street furniture and so funded from highways money and do not require planning permission.^[25]
Transport for London’s (UK) ‘Take a Stand’ scheme can provide employers with free cycle stands for up to 40 bicycles.^[26]

Examples of Revenue from Cycle Parking:

Below is an example of the monetary revenue generated through installation of a fee-paying bicycle parking centre:
1. Milton Keynes Council (UK) expects to generate £150 per year per cyclist from its self contained Cycle Centre, which covers running costs; this is compared to £180 per year from a car parking space.^[27]

Locker revenues:

Below are examples of the monetary revenue generated through installation of fee-paying bicycle lockers:
1. University of California (USA), Davis: £11 per quarter (10-12 weeks), £11 key deposit, £6 per quarter for those commuting 10 miles or more (one way).^[28]
2. Portland, Oregon (USA): £6/month, £13 per 3 months, £24 per 6 months, £13 key deposit.Rate structure assumed to cover locker costs over 10-year period.^[29]
3. San Francisco (USA): £13 per 3 months, £24 per 6 months, £40 per year, £13 refundable key deposit.
4. Madison (USA): £40 per 1 year.^[30]
5. Cincinnati (USA): Has 10 lockers in downtown. £22 per 6 months. Recent increase in key deposit to cover lock replacents.
6. Caltrain (USA):£3 per month six months in advance, £13 refundable key deposit.^[31]
7. Maryland Mass Transit Admin (USA?): £13 per 3 months, £40 per year, £13 refundable key deposit. ^[32]
8. Washington DC (USA) Metro: £24 per 6 months, £40 per year, $10 key deposit.^[33]
9. Tucson (USA): 54 lockers (108 spaces) in downtown, 54 lockers (108 spaces) at select transit stops, £1 per month, £4 refundable key deposit. ^[34]
10. Santa Cruz, CA (USA): £3 per month, £6 refundable key deposit (plus £2 bicycle license).^[35]

References

Maintenance and Management of the Parking Environment

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 09:04:40 +0000

Damaged or vandalised cycles left in public view signal the insecurity of cycle parking.^[1]
Cycle parking management should be active. Open stands can benefit from notices indicating that bicycles continuously parked for periods exceeding a specified number of days may be removed and disposed of within the normal conditions for abandoned property (usually held for a period and then sold, scrapped or recycled). Care should of course be taken that the weeding out of disused bikes does not include any legitimately parked bikes.^[2]
Bicycle parking areas need to be designed for quick and easy maintenance. Surfaces under and around stands and lockers should be easy to sweep.^[3]
Installed cycle parking needs to remain attractive. Paintwork should be kept clean, there should be no leaves nor litter around the parking, and it should be kept free of abandoned bikes. Parking equipment which is damaged, or contains abandoned bikes, will discourage potential users. The whole life cost of cleaning and maintaining the facility must be considered prospectively, and in relation to the selection and placement of equipment, and the implications of the colour/finish of any paintwork and strength and resilience of any plastic sheeting used.^[4]
Outdoor parking is exposed to the elements, so any moving parts requiring lubrication or adjustment would have to be subject to an active management regime. Cycle rack devices with slots or grooves as part of their operating mechanism collect water and rubbish very easily, and need to be regularly cleaned.^[5]
Parking should have low ongoing maintenance requirements and avoid the need for staffed management of the parking (which can create practical difficulties with public sites, if integral locking mechanisms or coin operated devices are a feature).^[6]
Sheffield stands require relatively little maintenance. However, as with any multiple-user facility, they do need routine inspection and maintenance.^[7]
Where moving parts, such as gates, doors or latches are proposed, you may additionally wish to seek advice from your local authority school premises or health & safety adviser.^[8]
The completed cycle stand installation, including all materials, finishes, and fixings must have a minimum service life of 10 years when maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.^[9]
Parking stands can be painted, supplied with a scratch resistant coating, or be stainless steel. This will maintain a quality finish within the urban landscape and prevent unnecessary damage to cycles.^[10]

References

Installation – of Furniture in the Environment

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 09:00:59 +0000

Cycle racks should be anchored (bolted to the ground or embedded in concrete) so that they cannot be removed from the ground or fixing surface.^[1]
If racks are bolted to the ground, anti-theft bolts should be used, or the heads otherwise adapted to prevent unscrewing. Bolted down stands are more secure when used in a grouped “toast rack” formation, rather than individually.^[2] High security bolts should be used (e.g. m10 Rawbolts).^[3]
If an embedded mounting is used; foot plates, or the addition of pins through the stand legs greatly increases security. Do not surface mount on tarmac ^[4] or paving slabs^[5].
Stands should be embedded into at least 250mm of concrete.^[6]
Where racks are fixed to the ground care should be taken not to damage other structures (e.g. underground pipes). ^[7].
Paving is not required, but the outside ground surface shall be finished or planted in a way that avoids mud and dust.^[8]
Avoid obstructing passageways or increasing hazards for other users.^[9]
Where the ground is not horizontal, install cycle racks at right angles to the slope to prevent bikes from rolling away.^[10]
If bike parking facilities are located within auto parking areas, then they should be separated by a physical barrier such as curbs, wheel stops, poles or other similar features.^[11]
If 10 or more bicycle spaces are required, then at least 50 percent of the bicycle spaces must be covered.^[12] Covering the compound with a clear material will make users feel more secure, as well as protect parked bikes from the weather, and make cycling to work much more attractive.^[13]
If motor vehicle parking is covered, required bicycle parking must also be covered.^[14]
Bicycle parking should be covered to protect cycles against the weather.^[15]

References

Cycle Parking Furniture and Facilities

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 08:59:06 +0000

Cycle furniture is now available in a wide variety of designs. A typology of cycle parking equipment can be summarised as follows:^[1]
1. Stands, such as the Sheffield (which is n-shaped) stand, tend to be regarded by cyclists as simple street furniture which should be free to use. These are widely recognised by the public as well as cyclists;
2. Racks, configurations of parking furniture that have multiple stands joined together are referred to as racks;
3. Lockers provide more secure storage for cycles, helmets and riding gear, but require more management. Cyclists generally recognise this and are increasingly willing to pay a fee for their use. Locker design should be such that contents are visible and that a management regime is practical both for operation and to discourage misuse; Compounds are fenced and often roofed facilities with controlled access. Again cyclists may be willing to pay for compound use if these are seen to provide a safe and secure service;
4. Centres are modern managed areas offering high levels of security and can include proximity card access control. These are now popular in some countries in northern Europe.

The subsections that follow summarise available advice concerning what to look for in cycle parking furniture and what to avoid.

General

Most racks are misused by users to some degree. Look for racks which provide the same opportunity for security whether the bike is on the end or middle of the rack. Where some racks are misused the capacity may be cut by as much as 90%.^[2]
Empty racks should not cause a tripping hazard for the visually impaired. Provide a tapping rail (maximum height above ground 150mm) so that an empty rack cannot be walked into.^[3]
Security is the most important requirement. It is needed for both short and long term purposes and it is needed in convenient on and off street locations.^[4]
The design of parking furniture has to ensure peace of mind ^[5] and those using the parking should not feel that their personal security is at risk.^[6]
Stands located in a locked shed or compound are much more secure.^[7]
The more short-term the parking and the more secure the location, the simpler the bike parking furniture can be. Normally, the facility should allow for the bike frame and wheels to be locked to a fixture/immovable object.^[8]
Other items at risk are bags, bike pumps, lights and helmets and therefore the provision of lockers is welcome. U-stands make no provision for locking for helmets or other riding gear.^[9]
The completed cycle stand installation, including all materials, finishes, and fixings must have a minimum service life of 10 years when maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.^[10]
Bike lockers can be considered for areas without a lot of continuous oversight (surveillance) and in situations where bicycles need good weather protection.^[11] But careful consideration should be given to the level of security offered, since cycle lockers vary greatly.^[12]
For larger developments the provision of shower/changing/drying facilities and lockers (to enable the storage of clothing and equipment) are important to encouraging cycling.^[13]

Requirements of Parking Furniture (Racks and Stands)

(Dos) Security and Locking for Racks and Stands

Facilities provided should cover the security requirements of the likely users (see short and long stay recommendations above).
Encourage good locking practice through design.^[14]
Bicycle furniture should be compatible with a variety of different locks.^[15]
In all cases, locking the frame and wheels with one or two ‘U’- or ‘D’-locks, as well as other chains and cables, must be made easy or encouraged by the design of the parking.^[16]
Locking opportunities should be offered for a wide variety of cycle frame types and sizes to be secured, in a way that suits the individual user.^[17]
For front-in cycle parking, a U-lock should be able to lock the front wheel and the down tube of an upright bicycle. For back-in parking, a U-lock should be able to lock the rear wheel and seat tube of the bicycle.^[18]
Bicycle furniture should allow both the wheel (ideally front and back) and the frame of a bicycle to be locked without the cyclist having to remove either wheel.^[19]
Where no better solution is available, a U-stand (also known as ‘Sheffield’ stand) offers an affordable accepted minimum locking security in many cases, when situated properly.^[20]
The lock should not be allowed to slip to the floor. It should be impossible to easily move a locked bicycle in such a way as to bring the lock within 25cm of the ground.^[21]
There are advantages in having an additional crossbar to a U-stand (or similar) to enable a wider variety of bike types and sizes to be locked securely and it can prevent the locks slipping.^[22]
To avoid damage to a bike the frame of the bike should be supported, not just the wheels.^[23]
Where a stand is designed to accommodate two cycles, the bicycles on either side should not hinder each other's stability.^[24]
For added safety a hardened steel chain can be welded to the rack, then the cyclists only have to carry a lock with them.^[25]
In the case of short-stay cycle stand designs with integral locking, the integral lock must meet security requirements. Improper use by a third party should be impossible; the anti-theft feature should be available to anyone possessing a bicycle and lock, including key, only (should not operate exclusively with the aid of money, a chip card or any other specific item).^[26]
No complex maneuver should be required to operate any anti-theft feature and/or fastening the bicycle to parking furniture. No excessive effort should be required to operate the anti-theft feature.^[27]
In case of attack of an integrated fastening feature and/or boltsystem, these should resist for at least 1.5 minutes against wrongful opening and consequent removal of the bicycle. In case part of the parking furniture remains attached to the bicycle lock after attack, the resistance time may be reduced to at least 1 minute.^[28]
In the case where the parking furniture is equipped with an anti-theft feature with an integrated lock, this lock should resist for at least 3 minutes against wrongful opening and consequent removal of the bicycle, when attacked.^[29]
A target minimum security level for short-term parking is that cycles should not be able to be stolen within 30 seconds.^[30]
Wall mounted cycle fixing rings and bars have been successfully used where space is limited and parking occasional. If walls are privately owned then permission will be required. Fixing rings of about 150mm diameter (or bars of at least this length) should be fitted between 700-800mm high. They can be galvanised or stainless steel. Longer and larger bars will give greater flexibility of locking points. Vertical bars will also allow small-wheeled foldable cycles to be secured.^[31]
There are a variety of stand designs available, but generally the stand creates a horizontal bar with two vertical supports The larger tube sizes tend to be more secure, as there is less space to lever apart the widely used D lock. Recommended dimensions for bicycle stands are:
1. external diameter of tube: 50 mm minimum 75 mm maximum
2. thickness of tube wall: 25 mm minimum
3. radius of bend: 100 mm minimum 250 mm maximum
4. length of stand: 700 mm minimum 1000 mm maximum
5. height of stand above ground level: 800 mm ± 50 mm
6. baseplate for stands: 150 mm x 150 mm x 6 mm minimum
7. extra length of vertical sections 250 mm minimum
8. space between individual bars 850 mm ±100 mm
Height below ground level 250mm (if set in concrete) – additional pins or widened (cone) tubes below ground level may be necessary so that the stands can not be pulled out.
Bolts: if not set in concrete, at least two high security bolts (e.g. M10 bolts) passing through each baseplate, with the holes arranged for maximum stability.^[32]

(Don’ts) Security and Locking for Racks and Stands

Avoid stand heights of over 800mm, as they do not support smaller bikes.^[33]
Avoid cycle stands that only permit one or both wheels of the cycle to be locked to the cycle stand and not the frame, or vice versa.^[34]
Wheel slots and ‘butterfly’ stands are not normally acceptable in terms of security, especially in un-guarded locations. “Wheelbender” racks that only hold the front wheel are potentially damaging as well as being impossible to use properly with high-security U-locks. Cycles which have fallen over can cause a hazard to cycles as well as damaging the bike.^[35]
Hanging racks can be difficult for many users.^[36]
Avoid concrete block with slots^[37], Toast Racks, Comb racks and Wave racks.^[38]
Avoid racks that have a low profile or could cause a hazard to pedestrians.^[39]
Avoid wave style racks as bicyclists commonly use a wave rack as if it were a single inverted U stand. This limits the actual capacity of the rack to two bikes regardless of the potential or stated capacity. Bicycles parked perpendicular to a wave rack (as intended by the manufacturer) are not supported in two places and are more likely to fall over in the rack. The advertised capacity of a wave rack is usually much higher than the practical capacity.^[40]
Parking should avoid damage to the cycle whilst attached or when being secured.^[41]
Avoid bicycle furniture that could be hazardous to pedestrians (e.g. bicycle racks with protruding bars).^[42]

(Dos) Materials for Racks and Stands

Racks should be built from heavy duty, weather and tamper resistant materials.^[43]
Racks should be free of rust after 6 months of exposure to wind and weather or after 48 hours of salt-spray test (to be judged by the naked eye).^[44]
Synthetic materials used should be weather-resistant (temperature, moisture, UV, ozone) to such a degree that the mechanical properties still conform to at least 80% of the initial value after 15 years of use in all weathers.^[45]
The cycle stand must withstand cutting by a 300mm, 24 tracks per inch (tpi) hacksaw, at a rate of 1 cycle per second, for a minimum of 120 seconds.^[46]
Galvanised steel is virtually maintenance free and weather resistant. It can be powder coated in many colours though coatings can chip, scratch and deteriorate faster than unfinished galvanised steel. Stainless steel is also an attractive finish; it will be less likely to rust and look better for longer.^[47]
The preferred coating for stands is nylon (not plastic) on galvanised tubing. This is hard wearing and does not scratch nor peel easily, and in addition does not scratch cycles’ paintwork. Alternatively rubber coated stands offer even better protection to cycles.^[48]

(Don’ts) Materials for Racks and Stands

Racks that are painted chip and rust.^[49]
Plastic coating is not suitable as it tends to expand and peel away, particularly when the steel is not galvanised, while paint and powder coatings scratch and chip.^[50]
Avoid stand heights of over 800mm, as they do not support smaller bikes. A lower crossbar/panel can also provide support for children’s bikes, and accommodate the habit of some regular users of leaving their locks on the cycle stands. ^[51]

(Dos) Requirements of Parking Facilities (Lockers, Cages, Cycle Rooms and Compounds)

Cycle areas or shelters which have doors or are enclosed within a compound are better, since they provide improved security.^[52]
Where lockers are used, each unit should have a door for single bike access.^[53]
Cycles should be individually lockable inside the facility. Secure grounds are a deterrent to theft but unsecured bikes in a bike room or compound are an invitation for theft. A room alone isn't enough.^[54]
Of the hardware options, standing racks/U-stands are the most conventional^[55], however, for indoor parking wall-mounted racks are becoming increasingly popular because of their space efficiency.^[56]
If it is not possible to let visitors or customers use the compound, do not forget to provide some additional, free-access parking for them as well. Covered stands would be welcomed if visitors are likely to be on the premises for some time.^[57]
Access can be controlled by swipe cards, padlocks or time locks, programmed to open at busy times.^[58] If the parking system does rely on the use of keys, combinations or swipe cards etc, it is essential that the process of issuing them is managed efficiently so that they may be allocated to new cyclists as soon as possible.^[59]
Locker unit parking facilities require a great level of ongoing maintenance and a strategy to cover this should be developed prior to installation. Regular inspection should be conducted due to vandalism and security concerns.^[60]
Lockers require great attention to access and cleanliness.^[61]
Some operators opt to have clearance under the units and use a high-pressure water jet to clean out leaves and other debris. A clearance will help to make a locker unattractive for warehousing and sleeping, eliminate unsightly moss growth/corrosion and ventilate to remove smells and moisture from wet bikes/clothing. Other design details (e.g. flat and unbraced roof panels which can be damaged from being stood on and get tide marks from standing water), can influence the costs of maintaining the appearance and operation of a site.

(Dos) Material considerations for Lockers, Cages, Cycle Rooms or Compounds

Wall surfaces and vertical panels of cycle shelters and compounds should allow visibility into and beyond the structure, wherever possible, using either non-solid surfaces, transparent or semi-transparent polycarbonate.^[62]
Typical materials are fiberglass or stainless or galvanized coated steel. The average space requirement for 12 bikes is 20.5 ft in length and a width of 6.5 ft.^[63]

(Don’ts) Things to avoid with Lockers, Cages, Cycle Rooms and Compounds

Avoid lockers with coin-operated locks, as these can be a target of theft, and may attract various unintended uses.^[64]

References

Security and Guardianship

admin — Mon, 04 Aug 2008 08:57:34 +0000

Bicycle parking areas should be well lit for theft protection, personal security and accident prevention.^[1]
To reduce theft and vandalism, locate parking within view of passers-by, retail activity, or office windows. Better yet, officially assign building security, parking lot attendants or other personnel to watch for suspicious behavior.^[2]
Sitting the parking where it can be overlooked by existing CCTV coverage or adding an extra camera can add extra security while minimising its impact on staff resources. Signage may be beneficial to indicate where CCTV is operating, providing reassurance for cyclists and a deterrent for would-be thieves.^[3]
Ways to increase environmental and larger scale cycle security can include provision of guarded locations, lockable compounds, electronic key accesses, improved lighting and sightlines, guardian surveillance, camera surveillance, smart card technology, crime prevention audits community policing and patrols or control of access. ^[4]
Often it is more effective to incorporate cycle parking within broader initiatives aimed at increasing personal and environmental security, than introducing more secure facilities, without making the environment where cycles are parked more secure.^[5]